MOLYBDENUM - Uses, Side Effects, and More

19 Aug.,2024

 

MOLYBDENUM - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Albanes, D., Malila, N., Taylor, P. R., Huttunen, J. K., Virtamo, J., Edwards, B. K., Rautalahti, M., Hartman, A. M., Barrett, M. J., Pietinen, P., Hartman, T. J., Sipponen, P., Lewin, K., Teerenhovi, L., Hietanen, P., Tangrea, J. A., Virtanen, M., and Heinonen, O. P. Effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on colorectal cancer: results from a controlled trial (Finland). Cancer Causes Control ;11(3):197-205. View abstract.

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Ascorbic acid does not cure cancer. Nutr Rev ;43:146-147.

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Bremner, I. and Young, B. W. Effects of dietary molybdenum and sulphur on the distribution of copper in plasma and kidneys of sheep. Br J Nutr ;39(2):325-336. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. and Merajver, S. D. Cancer therapy with tetrathiomolybdate: antiangiogenesis by lowering body copper--a review. Integr.Cancer Ther ;1(4):327-337. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. Copper control as an antiangiogenic anticancer therapy: lessons from treating Wilson's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood.) ;226(7):665-673. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. Copper lowering therapy with tetrathiomolybdate as an antiangiogenic strategy in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. ;5(3):195-202. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. Neurologically presenting Wilson's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS.Drugs ;19(3):185-192. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. Novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of Wilson's disease. Expert.Opin Pharmacother ;7(3):317-324. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J. Tetrathiomolybdate anticopper therapy for Wilson's disease inhibits angiogenesis, fibrosis and inflammation. J Cell Mol.Med ;7(1):11-20. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Askari, F., Lorincz, M. T., Carlson, M., Schilsky, M., Kluin, K. J., Hedera, P., Moretti, P., Fink, J. K., Tankanow, R., Dick, R. B., and Sitterly, J. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. Comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. ;63(4):521-527. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Dick, R. D., Grover, D. K., LeClaire, V., Tseng, M., Wicha, M., Pienta, K., Redman, B. G., Jahan, T., Sondak, V. K., Strawderman, M., LeCarpentier, G., and Merajver, S. D. Treatment of metastatic cancer with tetrathiomolybdate, an anticopper, antiangiogenic agent: Phase I study. Clin Cancer Res ;6(1):1-10. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Dick, R. D., Johnson, V., Wang, Y., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V., Kluin, K., Fink, J. K., and Aisen, A. Treatment of Wilson's disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. I. Initial therapy in 17 neurologically affected patients. Arch Neurol. ;51(6):545-554. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Dick, R. D., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkin, V., Tankanow, R., Young, A. B., and Kluin, K. J. Initial therapy of patients with Wilson's disease with tetrathiomolybdate. Arch Neurol. ;48(1):42-47. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Hedera, P., Kluin, K. J., Carlson, M., Askari, F., Dick, R. B., Sitterly, J., and Fink, J. K. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: III. Initial therapy in a total of 55 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. ;60(3):379-385. View abstract.

Brewer, G. J., Johnson, V., Dick, R. D., Kluin, K. J., Fink, J. K., and Brunberg, J. A. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. II. Initial therapy in 33 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. ;53(10):-. View abstract.

Bussey, H. J., DeCosse, J. J., Deschner, E. E., Eyers, A. A., Lesser, M. L., Morson, B. C., Ritchie, S. M., Thomson, J. P., and Wadsworth, J. A randomized trial of ascorbic acid in polyposis coli. Cancer 10-1-;50(7):-. View abstract.

Cahill, R. J., O'Sullivan, K. R., Mathias, P. M., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H., and O'Morain, C. Effects of vitamin antioxidant supplementation on cell kinetics of patients with adenomatous polyps. Gut ;34(7):963-967. View abstract.

Coulter, I. D., Hardy, M. L., Morton, S. C., Hilton, L. G., Tu, W., Valentine, D., and Shekelle, P. G. Antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin e for the prevention and treatment of cancer. J Gen.Intern Med ;21(7):735-744. View abstract.

Creagan, E. T., Moertel, C. G., Schutt, A. J., and O'Connell, M. J. Vitamin-c (ascorbic-acid) therapy of pre-terminal cancer-patients. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res ;20:355-356.

Danks, D. M. Copper and liver disease. Eur J Pediatr ;150(3):142-148. View abstract.

Ekperigin, H. E. and Vohra, P. Influence of dietary excess methionine on the relationship between dietary copper and the concentration of copper and iron in organs of broiler chicks. J Nutr ;111(9):-. View abstract.

El-Youssef, M. Wilson disease. Mayo Clin Proc ;78(9):-. View abstract.

Gartner, E. M., Griffith, K. A., Pan, Q., Brewer, G. J., Henja, G. F., Merajver, S. D., and Zalupski, M. M. A pilot trial of the anti-angiogenic copper lowering agent tetrathiomolybdate in combination with irinotecan, 5-flurouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs ;27(2):159-165. View abstract.

Gogos, C. A., Ginopoulos, P., Salsa, B., Apostolidou, E., Zoumbos, N. C., and Kalfarentzos, F. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus vitamin E restore immunodeficiency and prolong survival for severely ill patients with generalized malignancy: a randomized control trial. Cancer 1-15-;82(2):395-402. View abstract.

Goodman, V. L., Brewer, G. J., and Merajver, S. D. Copper deficiency as an anti-cancer strategy. Endocr.Relat Cancer ;11(2):255-263. View abstract.

Harker, D. B. The use of molybdenum for the prevention of nutritional copper poisoning in housed sheep. Vet.Rec. 7-31-;99(5):78-81. View abstract.

Hayashi, H., Suzuki, R., and Wakusawa, S. [Wilson's disease and its pharmacological treatment]. Yakugaku Zasshi ;124(11):711-724. View abstract.

Henry, N. L., Dunn, R., Merjaver, S., Pan, Q., Pienta, K. J., Brewer, G., and Smith, D. C. Phase II trial of copper depletion with tetrathiomolybdate as an antiangiogenesis strategy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Oncology ;71(3-4):168-175. View abstract.

Hidiroglou, M., Heaney, D. P., and Hartin, K. E. Copper poisoning in a flock of sheep. Copper excretion patterns after treatment with molybdenum and sulfur or penicillamine. Can.Vet.J ;25(10):377-382. View abstract.

Hille, R. Molybdenum and tungsten in biology. Trends Biochem Sci ;27(7):360-367. View abstract.

Hofstad, B., Almendingen, K., Vatn, M., Andersen, S. N., Owen, R. W., Larsen, S., and Osnes, M. Growth and recurrence of colorectal polyps: a double-blind 3-year intervention with calcium and antioxidants. Digestion ;59(2):148-156. View abstract.

Igarza, L., Quiroga, M. A., Agostini, M. C., and Auza, N. [Experimental model for the study of molybdenosis in the primary copper deficiency in rats]. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam. ;49(3):170-176. View abstract.

Jelikic-Stankov, M., Uskokovic-Markovic, S., Holclajtner-Antunovic, I., Todorovic, M., and Djurdjevic, P. Compounds of Mo, V and W in biochemistry and their biomedical activity. J Trace Elem.Med Biol ;21(1):8-16. View abstract.

Kamangar, F., Qiao, Y. L., Yu, B., Sun, X. D., Abnet, C. C., Fan, J. H., Mark, S. D., Zhao, P., Dawsey, S. M., and Taylor, P. R. Lung cancer chemoprevention: a randomized, double-blind trial in Linxian, China. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. ;15(8):-. View abstract.

Khan, G. and Merajver, S. Copper chelation in cancer therapy using tetrathiomolybdate: an evolving paradigm. Expert.Opin Investig.Drugs ;18(4):541-548. View abstract.

Khandare, A. L., Suresh, P., Kumar, P. U., Lakshmaiah, N., Manjula, N., and Rao, G. S. Beneficial effect of copper supplementation on deposition of fluoride in bone in fluoride- and molybdenum-fed rabbits. Calcif.Tissue Int ;77(4):233-238. View abstract.

Lamm, D. L., Riggs, D. R., Shriver, J. S., vanGilder, P. F., Rach, J. F., and DeHaven, J. I. Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial. J Urol ;151(1):21-26. View abstract.

Lener, J. and Bibr, B. Effects of molybdenum on the organism (a review). J Hyg.Epidemiol.Microbiol.Immunol ;28(4):405-419. View abstract.

Leonard, T. K., Mohs, M. E., and Watson, R. R. Nutrient intakes: cancer causation and prevention. Prog Food Nutr Sci ;10(3-4):237-277. View abstract.

Li, B., Taylor, P. R., Li, J. Y., Dawsey, S. M., Wang, W., Tangrea, J. A., Liu, B. Q., Ershow, A. G., Zheng, S. F., Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., and . Linxian nutrition intervention trials. Design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance. Ann Epidemiol. ;3(6):577-585. View abstract.

Li, J. Y., Taylor, P. R., Li, B., Dawsey, S., Wang, G. Q., Ershow, A. G., Guo, W., Liu, S. F., Yang, C. S., Shen, Q., and . Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: multiple vitamin/mineral supplementation, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality among adults with esophageal dysplasia. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 9-15-;85(18):-. View abstract.

Lindner, R., Junker, E., and Hoheiser, H. [Molybdenum as an air pollutant]. Pneumologie ;44(7):898-900. View abstract.

Lowndes, S. A., Adams, A., Timms, A., Fisher, N., Smythe, J., Watt, S. M., Joel, S., Donate, F., Hayward, C., Reich, S., Middleton, M., Mazar, A., and Harris, A. L. Phase I study of copper-binding agent ATN-224 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 11-15-;14(22):-. View abstract.

Mason, J. Thiomolybdates: mediators of molybdenum toxicity and enzyme inhibitors. Toxicology 12-15-;42(2-3):99-109. View abstract.

Medici, V., Rossaro, L., and Sturniolo, G. C. Wilson disease--a practical approach to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Dig.Liver Dis ;39(7):601-609. View abstract.

Meeker, J. D., Rossano, M. G., Protas, B., Diamond, M. P., Puscheck, E., Daly, D., Paneth, N., and Wirth, J. J. Cadmium, lead, and other metals in relation to semen quality: human evidence for molybdenum as a male reproductive toxicant. Environ.Health Perspect. ;116(11):-. View abstract.

Meeker, J. D., Rossano, M. G., Protas, B., Padmanahban, V., Diamond, M. P., Puscheck, E., Daly, D., Paneth, N., and Wirth, J. J. Environmental exposure to metals and male reproductive hormones: circulating testosterone is inversely associated with blood molybdenum. Fertil.Steril. ;93(1):130-140. View abstract.

Meyer, C. H. and Sekundo, W. Nutritional supplementation to prevent cataract formation. Dev.Ophthalmol. ;38:103-119. View abstract.

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Moeini, M. M., Souri, M., and Nooriyan, E. Effect of molybdenum and sulphur on copper status and mohair quality in Merghoze goat. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-15-;11(10):-. View abstract.

Momcilovic, B. A case report of acute human molybdenum toxicity from a dietary molybdenum supplement--a new member of the "Lucor metallicum" family. Arh.Hig.Rada Toksikol. ;50(3):289-297. View abstract.

Nederbragt, H., van den Ingh, T. S., and Wensvoort, P. Pathobiology of copper toxicity. Vet.Q. ;6(4):179-85, 235. View abstract.

No author. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 7-6-;360():23-33. View abstract.

Olson, K. J., Fontenot, J. P., and Failla, M. L. Influence of molybdenum and sulfate supplementation and withdrawal of diets containing high copper broiler litter on tissue copper levels in ewes. J Anim Sci ;59(1):210-216. View abstract.

Pass, H. I., Brewer, G. J., Dick, R., Carbone, M., and Merajver, S. A phase II trial of tetrathiomolybdate after surgery for malignant mesothelioma: final results. Ann Thorac.Surg ;86(2):383-389. View abstract.

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Poulter, J. M., White, W. F., and Dickerson, J. W. Ascorbic acid supplementation and five year survival rates in women with early breast cancer. Acta Vitaminol.Enzymol. ;6(3):175-182. View abstract.

Qiao, Y. L., Dawsey, S. M., Kamangar, F., Fan, J. H., Abnet, C. C., Sun, X. D., Johnson, L. L., Gail, M. H., Dong, Z. W., Yu, B., Mark, S. D., and Taylor, P. R. Total and cancer mortality after supplementation with vitamins and minerals: follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 4-1-;101(7):507-518. View abstract.

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Redman, B. G., Esper, P., Pan, Q., Dunn, R. L., Hussain, H. K., Chenevert, T., Brewer, G. J., and Merajver, S. D. Phase II trial of tetrathiomolybdate in patients with advanced kidney cancer. Clin Cancer Res ;9(5):-. View abstract.

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Schilsky, M. L. Treatment of Wilson's disease: what are the relative roles of penicillamine, trientine, and zinc supplementation? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. ;3(1):54-59. View abstract.

Schilsky, M. L. Wilson disease: genetic basis of copper toxicity and natural history. Semin.Liver Dis ;16(1):83-95. View abstract.

Seaborn, C. D. and Yang, S. P. Effect of molybdenum supplementation on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis and molybdenum excretion in rats. Biol Trace Elem.Res ;39(2-3):245-256. View abstract.

Spears, J. W. Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. J Nutr ;133(5 Suppl 1):S-S. View abstract.

Subramanian, I., Vanek, Z. F., and Bronstein, J. M. Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson's disease. Curr Neurol.Neurosci.Rep. ;2(4):317-323. View abstract.

Suttle, N. F. and Field, A. C. The effect of dietary molybdenum on hypocupraemic ewes treated by subcutaneous copper. Vet.Rec. 8-24-;95(8):165-168. View abstract.

Suttle, N. F. Recent studies of the copper-molybdenum antagonism. Proc.Nutr.Soc. ;33(3):299-305. View abstract.

Suttle, N. F. The role of organic sulphur in the copper-molybdenum-S interrelationship in ruminant nutrition. Br J Nutr ;34(3):411-420. View abstract.

Suzuki, H., DeLano, F. A., Parks, D. A., Jamshidi, N., Granger, D. N., Ishii, H., Suematsu, M., Zweifach, B. W., and Schmid-Schonbein, G. W. Xanthine oxidase activity associated with arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Proc Natl.Acad Sci U.S.A 4-14-;95(8):-. View abstract.

Suzuki, K. T. and Ogura, Y. [Biological regulation of copper and selective removal of copper: therapy for Wilson disease and its molecular mechanism]. Yakugaku Zasshi ;120(10):899-908. View abstract.

Taylor, P. R., Li, B., Dawsey, S. M., Li, J. Y., Yang, C. S., Guo, W., and Blot, W. J. Prevention of esophageal cancer: the nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China. Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Study Group. Cancer Res 4-1-;54(7 Suppl):s-s. View abstract.

Turnlund, J. R. Copper nutriture, bioavailability, and the influence of dietary factors. J Am Diet.Assoc. ;88(3):303-308. View abstract.

Turnlund, J. R., Keyes, W. R., Peiffer, G. L., and Chiang, G. Molybdenum absorption, excretion, and retention studied with stable isotopes in young men during depletion and repletion. Am J Clin Nutr ;61(5):-. View abstract.

van Rensburg, S. J., Hall, J. M., and Gathercole, P. S. Inhibition of esophageal carcinogenesis in corn-fed rats by riboflavin, nicotinic acid, selenium, molybdenum, zinc, and magnesium. Nutr Cancer ;8(3):163-170. View abstract.

Van Ryssen, J. B. The effectiveness of using supplementary zinc and molybdenum to reduce the copper content in the liver of hypercuprotic sheep. J S.Afr.Vet.Assoc. ;65(2):59-63. View abstract.

Vine, A. K. and Brewer, G. J. Tetrathiomolybdate as an antiangiogenesis therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Trans Am Ophthalmol.Soc ;100:73-76. View abstract.

Virtamo, J., Edwards, B. K., Virtanen, M., Taylor, P. R., Malila, N., Albanes, D., Huttunen, J. K., Hartman, A. M., Hietanen, P., Maenpaa, H., Koss, L., Nordling, S., and Heinonen, O. P. Effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on urinary tract cancer: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial (Finland). Cancer Causes Control ;11(10):933-939. View abstract.

Ward, J. D. and Spears, J. W. Long-term effects of consumption of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on copper status, performance, and carcass characteristics of cattle. J Anim Sci ;75(11):-. View abstract.

Yang, C. S. Vitamin nutrition and gastroesophageal cancer. J Nutr ;130(2S Suppl):338S-339S. View abstract.

Al-Saleh E, Nandakumaran M, Al-Shammari M, Al-Harouny A. Maternal-fetal status of copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium and zinc in patients with gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ;16:15-21. View abstract.

Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of baseline characteristics and study compliance. J Natl Cancer Inst ;88:-70. View abstract.

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Brewer GJ. Interactions of zinc and molybdenum with copper in therapy of Wilson's disease. Nutrition ;11(1 Suppl):114-6. View abstract.

Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med ;18:673-85. View abstract.

Creagan ET, Moertel CG, O'Fallon JR, et al. Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer. A controlled trial. N Engl J Med ;301:687-90. View abstract.

Dawsey SM, Wang GQ, Taylor PR, et al. Effects of vitamin/mineral supplementation on the prevalence of histological dysplasia and early cancer of the esophagus and stomach: results from the Dysplasia Trial in Linxian, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ;3:167-72. View abstract.

Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, . Available at: www.nap.edu/books//html/.

Greenberg ER, Baron JA, Tosteson TD, et al. A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. Polyp Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med ;331:141-7. View abstract.

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Hosokawa S, Yoshida O. Clinical studies on molybdenum in patients requiring long-term hemodialysis. ASAIO J ;40:M445-9. View abstract.

Hosokawa S, Yoshida O. Role of molybdenum in chronic hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs ;17:567-9. View abstract.

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Koster R, Vieluf D, Kiehn M, et al. Nickel and molybdenum contact allergies in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis. Lancet ;356:-7. View abstract.

Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: The Women's Health Study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA ;294:56-65. View abstract.

Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA ;293:-47. View abstract.

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McKeown-Eyssen G, Holloway C, Jazmaji V, et al. A randomized trial of vitamins C and E in the prevention of recurrence of colorectal polyps. Cancer Res ;48:-5. View abstract.

Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Creagan ET, et al. High-dose vitamin C versus placebo in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer who have had no prior chemotherapy. A randomized double-blind comparison. N Engl J Med ;312:137-41. View abstract.

Nouri M, Chalian H, Bahman A, et al. Nail molybdenum and zinc contents in populations with low and moderate incidence of esophageal cancer. Arch Iranian Med ;11:392-6. View abstract.

Rajagopalan KV. Molybdenum: an essential trace element in human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr ;8:401-27. View abstract.

Rautalahti MT, Virtamo JR, Taylor PR, et al. The effects of supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on the incidence and mortality of carcinoma of the pancreas in a randomized, controlled trial. Cancer ;86:37-42. View abstract.

Roncucci L, Di Donato P, Carati L, et al. Antioxidant vitamins or lactulose for the prevention of the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Univ of Modena and the Health Care Dist 16. Dis Colon Rectum ;36:227-34. View abstract.

Selden AI, Berg NP, Soderbergh A, Bergstrom BE. Occupational molybdenum exposure and a gouty electrician. Occup Med (Lond) ;55:145-8. View abstract.

Sievers E, Arpe T, Schleyerbach U, Schaub J. Molybdenum supplementation in phenylketonuria diets: adequate in early infancy? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ;31:57-62. View abstract.

Sievers E, Schleyerbach U, Schaub J. Longitudinal studies of molybdenum balances in breastfed infants. Adv Exp Med Biol ;554:399-401. View abstract.

Sperduto RD, Hu TS, Milton RC, et al. The Linxian cataract studies. Two nutrition intervention trials. Arch Ophthalmol ;111:-53. View abstract.

Teksam O, Yurdakok M, Coskun T. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency presenting with severe metabolic acidosis and intracranial hemorrhage. J Child Neurol ;20:155-7. View abstract.

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med ;330:-35. View abstract.

Thompson KH, Scott KC, Turnlund JR. Molybdenum metabolism in men with increasing molybdenum intakes: changes in kinetic parameters. J Appl Physiol ;81:-9. View abstract.

Turnlund JR, Keyes WR, Peiffer GL. Molybdenum absorption, excretion, and retention studied with stable isotopes in young men at five intakes of dietary molybdenum. Am J Clin Nutr ;62:790-6. View abstract.

Turnlund JR, Keyes WR. Plasma molybdenum reflects dietary molybdenum intake. J Nutr Biochem ;15:90-5. View abstract.

Varis K, Taylor PR, Sipponen P, et al. Gastric cancer and premalignant lesions in atrophic gastritis: a controlled trial on the effect of supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. The Helsinki Gastritis Study Group. Scand J Gastroenterol ;33:294-300. View abstract.

Vyskocil A, Viau C. Assessment of molybdenum toxicity in humans. J Appl Toxicol ;19:185-92. View abstract.

Wang GQ, Dawsey SM, Li JY, et al. Effects of vitamin/mineral supplementation on the prevalence of histological dysplasia and early cancer of the esophagus and stomach: results from the General Population Trial in Linxian, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ;3:161-6. View abstract.

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