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Steel is one of the most useful materials in the world. In the simplest context, steel is composed of iron and carbon, but in actuality, steel isn&#;t so simple. The concentration of carbon and iron or the addition of other elements affects steel&#;s properties and strength, which aids in steel&#;s usefulness for an endless variety of end uses.
In this resource, you&#;ll find steel classifications, usages, and types, along with our ASTM Steel Grade chart at the bottom. Let&#;s start by explaining the four main types of steel categories.
Steel is a highly versatile material that can be used in various industries. Steel is typically categorized into types based on various criteria such as chemical composition, physical properties, and usage. Here are the four most common types of steel:
Carbon steels
Alloy steels
Stainless steels
Tool steels
Carbon steel has a higher concentration of carbon than other types of steel (up to 2.5% carbon), which adds to carbon steel&#;s strength. Carbon steel is commonly used to make construction materials, tools, automotive components, and more.
Carbon steel is organized into three main categories:
Low carbon steel (or
mild steel
) is one of the most common types of carbon steel, with a carbon content between 0.04% and 0.30%.
Medium carbon steel has a carbon range of 0.31% to 0.60%, and a manganese content ranging from .060% to 1.65%.
High carbon steel, also known as tool steel, has a carbon range between 0.61% and 1.50%.
Service Steel Warehouse is the premier supplier of carbon steel products, including piling, beams, channels, pipe, sheets, and more. Not only do we have a wide inventory of products, but we also offer finishing services to process your order to your exact specifications, such as product sawing, galvanizing, and painting. If you&#;re not sure which steel grade is right for your project, talk to one of our steel professionals today.
Alloy steel is made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as titanium, copper, chromium, aluminum, manganese, silicon, and nickel. This produces specific properties that are not found in standard carbon steel.
Stainless steel is a type of steel alloy that contains a minimum of 11% chromium, which helps the material resist corrosion. It is widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is essential, such as kitchen utensils and cutlery.
Tool steel is a type of steel alloy whose hardness, resistance to abrasion, and ability to retain shape at increased temperatures make it a popular choice for hand tools and machine dies.
Steel can also be classified by several different factors, including:
The steel industry uses two major numbering systems to classify steel grades, the American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) systems. Both the AISI and SAE systems primarily use four-digit numeric codes to identify a material&#;s base carbon or alloy steel; however, some select alloy steels have five-digit codes.
All carbon steels start with a one (1) in both the SAE & AISI systems. Carbon steels are then further subdivided into four categories by their underlying properties. The four categories are:
Plain carbon steel: 10xx series (containing 1.00% Mn maximum)
Resulfurized carbon steel: 11xx series
Resulfurized and rephosphorized carbon steel: 12xx series
Non-resulfurized high-manganese: 15xx series (containing up to 1.65% Mn)
The first digit on all other alloy steels (under the SAE-AISI system), are classified as follows:
2
Nickel steels
3
Nickel-chromium steels.
4
Molybdenum steels.
5
Chromium steels.
6
Chromium-vanadium steels.
7
Tungsten-chromium steels.
8
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels
9
Silicon-manganese steels and various other SAE grades
The second digit of a series typically indicates the concentration of the major element in percentiles. The last two digits of a series indicate the carbon concentration.
According to the World Steel Association, there are over 3,500 different grades of steel. At its core, steel is composed of iron and carbon, but the amount of carbon, level of impurities, and additional alloying elements all contribute to what grade steel is classified. Each steel grade has its unique properties and typical end-use. Below are the common grades of steel and their uses as determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
ASTM International is a nonprofit organization that brings together experts from various industries to develop and maintain a vast collection of voluntary consensus standards. These standards cover a wide range of aspects, including material composition, mechanical properties, testing methods, and specifications for various steel products.
Designation
Type of Steel
F &#; 16
Ornamental fences with galvanized steel tubular pickets
F / FM &#; 14()
Welded wire mesh fence fabric
F &#; 20
Expanded metal fence systems for security purposes
F &#; 16
Ornamental fences with steel tubular pickets
F / FM &#; 12()
Welded wire mesh fence fabric (metallic-coated or polymer coated) with variable mesh patterns or meshes greater than 6 in.2 [ mm2] in panels
F &#; 13()e1
Ornamental aluminum fence systems
Designation
Type of Steel
A29 / A29M &#; 20
Steel bars, carbon and alloy, hot-wrought
A108 &#; 18
Steel bar, carbon and alloy, cold-finished
A125 &#; 96()
Steel springs, helical, heat-treated
A255 &#; 20a
Standard test methods for determining hardenability of steel
A304 &#; 20
Carbon and alloy steel bars subject to end-quench hardenability requirements
A311 / A311M &#; 04()
Cold-drawn, stress-relieved carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements
A322 &#; 13()e1
Steel bars, alloy, standard grades
A355 &#; 89()
Steel bars, alloys, for nitriding
A400 &#; 17
Steel bars, selection guide, composition, and mechanical properties
A434 / A434M &#; 18
Steel bars, alloy, hot-wrought or cold-finished, quenched and tempered
A499 &#; 15()
Steel bars and shapes, carbon rolled from &#;t&#; rails
A575 &#; 20
Steel bars, carbon, merchant quality, m-grades
A576 &#; 17
Steel bars, carbon, hot-wrought, special quality
A663 / A663M &#; 17
Steel bars, carbon, merchant quality, mechanical properties
A675 / A675M &#; 14()
Steel bars, carbon, hot-wrought, special quality, mechanical properties
A689 &#; 97()
Carbon and alloy steel bars for springs
A696 &#; 17
Steel bars, carbon, hot-wrought or cold-finished, special quality, for pressure piping components
A702 &#; 13()
Steel fence posts, hot wrought
A739 &#; 90a()
Steel bars, alloy, hot-wrought, for elevated temperature or pressure-containing parts, or both
A914 / A914M &#; 19
Steel bars subject to restricted end-quench hardenability requirements
A920 / A920M &#; 14()
Steel bars, microalloy, hot-wrought, special quality, mechanical properties
A921 / A921M &#; 93()
Steel bars, microalloy, hot-wrought, special quality, for subsequent hot forging
A &#; 17
Harmonized standard grade compositions for wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels
A &#; 12()e1
Flanged steel u-channel posts
E618 &#; 07()
Standard test method for evaluating machining performance of ferrous metals using an automatic screw/bar machine
Designation
Type of Steel
A53 / A53M &#; 20
Pipe, steel, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and seamless
A106 / A106M &#; 19a
Seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service
A134 / A134M &#; 19
Standard specification for pipe, steel, electric-fusion (arc)-welded (sizes nps 16 and over)
A135 / A135M &#; 20
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded steel pipe
A139 / A139M &#; 16
Standard specification for electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel pipe (nps 4 and over)
A178 / A178M &#; 19
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel boiler and superheater tubes
A179 / A179M &#; 19
Standard specification for seamless cold-drawn low-carbon steel heat-exchanger and condenser tubes
A192 / A192M &#; 17
Standard specification for seamless carbon steel boiler tubes for high-pressure service
A210 / A210M &#; 19
Standard specification for seamless medium-carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes
A214 / A214M &#; 19
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded carbon steel heat-exchanger and condenser tubes
A252 / A252M &#; 19
Standard specification for welded and seamless steel pipe piles
A254 / A254M &#; 12()
Standard specification for copper-brazed steel tubing
A381 / A381M &#; 18
Standard specification for metal-arc-welded carbon or high-strength low-alloy steel pipe for use with high-pressure transmission systems
A423 / A423M &#; 19
Standard specification for seamless and electric-welded low-alloy steel tubes
A450 / A450M &#; 18a
Standard specification for general requirements for carbon and low alloy steel tubes
A498 / A498M &#; 17
Standard specification for seamless and welded carbon steel heat-exchanger tubes with integral fins
A500 / A500M &#; 20
Standard specification for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes
A501 / A501M &#; 14
Standard specification for hot-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing
A512 &#; 18
Standard specification for cold-drawn buttweld carbon steel mechanical tubing
A513 / A513M &#; 20a
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing
A519 / A519M &#; 17
Standard specification for seamless carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing
A523 / A523M &#; 20
Standard specification for plain end seamless and electric-resistance-welded steel pipe for high-pressure pipe-type cable circuits
A524 &#; 17
Standard specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for atmospheric and lower temperatures
A530 / A530M &#; 18
Standard specification for general requirements for specialized carbon and alloy steel pipe
A556 / A556M &#; 18
Standard specification for seamless cold-drawn carbon steel feedwater heater tubes
A587 &#; 96()
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded low-carbon steel pipe for the chemical industry
A589 / A589M &#; 06()
Standard specification for seamless and welded carbon steel water-well pipe
A595 / A595M &#; 18
Standard specification for steel tubes, low-carbon or high-strength low-alloy, tapered for structural use
A618 / A618M &#; 04()
Standard specification for hot-formed welded and seamless high-strength low-alloy structural tubing
A671 / A671M &#; 20
Standard specification for electric-fusion-welded steel pipe for atmospheric and lower temperatures
A672 / A672M &#; 19
Standard specification for electric-fusion-welded steel pipe for high-pressure service at moderate temperatures
A691 / A691M &#; 19
Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded for high-pressure service at high temperatures
A733 &#; 16
Standard specification for welded and seamless carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel pipe nipples
A787 / A787M &#; 20a
Standard specification for electric-resistance-welded metallic-coated carbon steel mechanical tubing
A795 / A795M &#; 13()
Standard specification for black and hot-dipped zinc-coated (galvanized) welded and seamless steel pipe for fire protection use
A822 / A822M &#; 20
Standard specification for seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubing for hydraulic system service
A847 / A847M &#; 20
Standard specification for cold-formed welded and seamless high-strength, low-alloy structural tubing with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
A865 / A865M &#; 06()
Standard specification for threaded couplings, steel, black or zinc-coated (galvanized) welded or seamless, for use in steel pipe joints
A972 / A972M &#; 00()
Standard specification for fusion bonded epoxy-coated pipe piles
A / AM &#; 18
Standard specification for steel line pipe, black, plain-end, seamless
A / AM &#; 18
Standard specification for cold-formed electric-fusion (arc) welded high-strength low&#;alloy structural tubing in shapes, with 50 ksi [345 mpa] minimum yield point
A / AM &#; 20
Standard specification for cold formed carbon structural steel tubing made from metallic precoated sheet steel
A / AM &#; 15
Standard specification for cold-formed welded carbon steel hollow structural sections (hss)
A &#; 16
Standard specification for steel casing pipe, electric-fusion (arc)-welded (outside diameter of 10 in. And larger)
A / AM &#; 16
Standard specification for seamless cold-finished carbon steel structural frame tubing for automotive racing applications
A / AM &#; 18
Standard specification for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes with 52 ksi [360 mpa] minimum yield strength and impact requirements
A / AM &#; 18
Standard specification for cold-formed welded high strength carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel hollow structural sections (hss) in rounds and shapes
Designation
Type of Steel
A27 / A27M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel castings, carbon, for general application
A99 &#; 03()
Standard specification for ferromanganese
A100 &#; 07()
Standard specification for ferrosilicon
A101 &#; 04()
Standard specification for ferrochromium
A102 &#; 04()
Standard specification for ferrovanadium
A128 / A128M &#; 19
Standard specification for steel castings, austenitic manganese
A132 &#; 04()
Standard specification for ferromolybdenum
A144 &#; 04()
Standard specification for ferrotungsten
A146 &#; 04()
Standard specification for molybdenum oxide products
A148 / A148M &#; 20e1
Standard specification for steel castings, high strength, for structural purposes
A216 / A216M &#; 18
Standard specification for steel castings, carbon, suitable for fusion welding, for high-temperature service
A217 / A217M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel castings, martensitic stainless and alloy, for pressure-containing parts, suitable for high-temperature service
A297 / A297M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel castings, iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel, heat resistant, for general application
A323 &#; 05()
Standard specification for ferroboron
A324 &#; 08()
Standard specification for ferrotitanium
A351 / A351M &#; 18e1
Standard specification for castings, austenitic, for pressure-containing parts
A352 / A352M &#; 18a
Standard specification for steel castings, ferritic and martensitic, for pressure-containing parts, suitable for low-temperature service
A356 / A356M &#; 16
Standard specification for steel castings, carbon, low alloy, and stainless steel, heavy-walled for steam turbines
A389 / A389M &#; 13()
Standard specification for steel castings, alloy, specially heat treated, for pressure-containing parts, suitable for high-temperature service
A426 / A426M &#; 18
Standard specification for centrifugally cast ferritic alloy steel pipe for high-temperature service
A447 / A447M &#; 11()
Standard specification for steel castings, chromium-nickel-iron alloy (25-12 class), for high-temperature service
A451 / A451M &#; 20
Standard specification for centrifugally cast austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature service
A481 &#; 05()
Standard specification for chromium metal
A482 / A482M &#; 11()
Standard specification for ferrochrome-silicon
A483 / A483M &#; 10()
Standard specification for silicomanganese
A487 / A487M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel castings suitable for pressure service
A488 / A488M &#; 18e2
Standard practice for steel castings, welding, qualifications of procedures and personnel
A494 / A494M &#; 18a
Standard specification for castings, nickel and nickel alloy
A495 &#; 06()
Standard specification for calcium-silicon alloys
A550 &#; 16
Standard specification for ferrocolumbium (ferroniobium)
A560 / A560M &#; 12()
Standard specification for castings, chromium-nickel alloy
A601 / A601M &#; 10()
Standard specification for electrolytic manganese metal
A608 / A608M &#; 20
Standard specification for centrifugally cast iron-chromium-nickel high-alloy tubing for pressure application at high temperatures
A609 / A609M &#; 12()
Standard practice for castings, carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel, ultrasonic examination thereof
A610 &#; 79()
Standard test methods for sampling and testing ferroalloys for determination of size
A636 &#; 08()
Standard specification for nickel oxide sinter
A660 / A660M &#; 11()
Standard specification for centrifugally cast carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service
A701 / A701M &#; 10()
Standard specification for ferromanganese-silicon
A703 / A703M &#; 20a
Standard specification for steel castings, general requirements, for pressure-containing parts
A732 / A732M &#; 20
Standard specification for castings, investment, carbon and low-alloy steel for general application, and cobalt alloy for high strength at elevated temperatures
A743 / A743M &#; 19
Standard specification for castings, iron-chromium, iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant, for general application
A744 / A744M &#; 20a
Standard specification for castings, iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant, for severe service
A747 / A747M &#; 18
Standard specification for steel castings, stainless, precipitation hardening
A757 / A757M &#; 15
Standard specification for steel castings, ferritic and martensitic, for pressure-containing and other applications, for low-temperature service
A781 / A781M &#; 20a
Standard specification for castings, steel and alloy, common requirements, for general industrial use
A799 / A799M &#; 10()
Standard practice for steel castings, stainless, instrument calibration, for estimating ferrite content
A800 / A800M &#; 20
Standard practice for estimating ferrite content of stainless steel castings containing both ferrite and austenite
A802 &#; 19
Standard practice for steel castings, surface acceptance standards, visual examination
A835 / A835M &#; 10()
Standard specification for sizes of ferroalloys and alloy additives
A872 / A872M &#; 14
Standard specification for centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipe for corrosive environments
A890 / A890M &#; 18a
Standard specification for castings, iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum corrosion-resistant, duplex (austenitic/ferritic) for general application
A903 / A903M &#; 99()
Standard specification for steel castings, surface acceptance standards, magnetic particle and liquid penetrant inspection
A915 / A915M &#; 08()
Standard specification for steel castings, carbon, and alloy, chemical requirements similar to standard wrought grades
A922 &#; 05()
Standard specification for silicon metal
A957 / A957M &#; 20
Standard specification for investment castings, steel and alloy, common requirements, for general industrial use
A958 / A958M &#; 17
Standard specification for steel castings, carbon and alloy, with tensile requirements, chemical requirements similar to standard wrought grades
A985 / A985M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel investment castings general requirements, for pressure-containing parts
A990 / A990M &#; 20
Standard specification for castings, iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloys, specially controlled for pressure-retaining parts for corrosive service
A995 / A995M &#; 20
Standard specification for castings, austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel, for pressure-containing parts
A997 &#; 08()
Standard practice for investment castings, surface acceptance standards, visual examination
A &#; 18
Standard specification for high-strength steel castings in heavy sections
A &#; 16()
Standard specification for castings, nickel-aluminum ordered alloy
A / AM &#; 10()
Standard specification for ferroalloys and other alloying materials, general requirements
A &#; 10()
Standard specification for steel castings sampling
A / AM &#; 12a()
Standard specification for test coupons for steel castings
A / AM &#; 19
Standard practice for hot isostatic pressing of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy castings
A / AM &#; 16e1
Standard specification for steel castings, creep-strength enhanced ferritic alloy, for pressure-containing parts, suitable for high temperature service
Designation
Type of Steel
A392 &#; 11a()
Standard specification for zinc-coated steel chain-link fence fabric
A491 &#; 11()
Standard specification for aluminum-coated steel chain-link fence fabric
A824 &#; 01()
Standard specification for metallic-coated steel marcelled tension wire for use with chain link fence
F552 &#; 14()
Standard terminology relating to chain link fencing
F567 &#; 14a()
Standard practice for installation of chain-link fence
F626 &#; 14()
Standard specification for fence fittings
F668 &#; 17
Standard specification for polyvinyl chloride (pvc), polyolefin and other polymer-coated steel chain link fence fabric
F934 &#; 96()
Standard specification for standard colors for polymer-coated chain link fence materials
F &#; 18
Standard specification for strength and protective coatings on steel industrial fence framework
F &#; 18
Standard specification for pipe, steel, hot-dipped zinc-coated (galvanized) welded, for fence structures
F &#; 96()
Standard specification for aluminum alloy chain link fence fabric
F &#; 10a()
Standard specification for zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy-coated steel chain-link fence fabric
F &#; 95()
Standard terminology relating to barbed tape
F &#; 11()
Standard guide for specifying chain link fence
F &#; 08()
Standard specification for poly(vinyl chloride) (pvc) and other conforming organic polymer-coated steel tension wire used with chain-link fence
F &#; 08()
Standard specification for poly(vinyl chloride) (pvc) and other conforming organic polymer-coated steel barbed wire used with chain-link fence
F &#; 98()
Standard specification for long barbed tape obstacles
F &#; 05()
Standard practice for installation of barbed tape
F / FM &#; 13()
Standard specification for polymer privacy insert slats for chain link fabric and privacy chain link fabric manufactured containing pre-installed privacy slats
Designation
Type of Steel
F &#; 96()
Standard guide for transition and performance of marine software systems maintenance
F &#; 96()
Standard guide for digital communication protocols for computerized systems
F &#; 15
Standard guide for vessel-related technical information for use in developing an electronic database and ship safety record
F &#; 15
Standard guide for database structure of electronic data interchange between ship owner and shipyard for contract administration
F &#; 02()
Standard guide for hardware implementation for computerized systems
F &#; 04()
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Standard classification for hierarchy of equipment identifiers and boundaries for reliability, availability, and maintainability (ram) performance data exchange
F &#; 17
Standard guide for cybersecurity and cyberattack mitigation
Designation
Type of Steel
A742 / A742M &#; 20
Standard specification for steel sheet, metallic coated and polymer precoated for corrugated steel pipe
A760 / A760M &#; 15()
Standard specification for corrugated steel pipe, metallic-coated for sewers and drains
A761 / A761M &#; 18
Standard specification for corrugated steel structural plate, zinc-coated, for field-bolted pipe, pipe-arches, and arches
A762 / A762M &#; 19
Standard specification for corrugated steel pipe, polymer precoated for sewers and drains
A796 / A796M &#; 17a
Standard practice for structural design of corrugated steel pipe, pipe-arches, and arches for storm and sanitary sewers and other buried applications
A798 / A798M &#; 17
Standard practice for installing factory-made corrugated steel pipe for sewers and other applications
A807 / A807M &#; 19
Standard practice for installing corrugated steel structural plate pipe for sewers and other applications
A849 &#; 15
Standard specification for post-applied coatings, pavings, and linings for corrugated steel sewer and drainage pipe
A862 / A862M &#; 98()
Standard practice for application of asphalt coatings to corrugated steel sewer and drainage pipe
A929 / A929M &#; 18
Standard specification for steel sheet, metallic-coated by the hot-dip process for corrugated steel pipe
A930 &#; 09()
Standard practice for life-cycle cost analysis of corrugated metal pipe used for culverts, storm sewers, and other buried conduits
A964 / A964M &#; 17
Standard specification for corrugated steel box culverts
A979 / A979M &#; 03()
Standard specification for concrete pavements and linings installed in corrugated steel structures in the field
A998 / A998M &#; 18
Standard practice for structural design of reinforcements for fittings in factory&#;made corrugated steel pipe for sewers and other applications
A &#; 17
Standard specification for corrugated steel manhole assemblies
A / AM &#; 17
Standard specification for resilient connectors between reinforced concrete manhole structures and corrugated steel drainage pipes
A &#; 17
Standard test method for determining the ultimate strength of deep corrugated structural plate bolted longitudinal lapped seams
A / AM &#; 20
Standard specification for corrugated steel structural plate, polymer-coated, for field-bolted pipe, pipe-arches, and arches
Designation
Type of Steel
A994 &#; 18
Standard guide for editorial procedures and form of product specifications for steel, stainless steel, and related alloys
E527 &#; 16
Standard practice for numbering metals and alloys in the unified numbering system (uns)
Designation
Type of Steel
A902 &#; 18a
Standard terminology relating to metallic coated steel products
Designation
Type of Steel
F &#; 19
Standard specification for searchlights on motor lifeboats
F &#; 20
Standard specification for flashlights on vessels
F &#; 15()
Standard specification for insulation resistance monitor for shipboard electrical motors and generators
F &#; 92()e1
Standard guide for shipboard fire detection systems
FM &#; 12()
Standard specification for electrical insulation monitors for monitoring ground resistance in active electrical systems [metric]
F &#; 99()
Standard specification for surge suppressors for shipboard use
FM &#; 12()
Standard specification for insulation monitors for shipboard electrical systems [metric]
FM &#; 96()
Standard specification for solid state bargraph meters for shipboard use (metric)
F &#; 97()
Standard guide for cable splicing installations
FM &#; 15()
Standard specification for stuffing tubes, nylon, and packing assemblies (metric)
FM &#; 97()
Standard specification for heat-shrink cable entry seals (metric)
F &#; 20
Standard practice for selection of wire and cable size in awg or metric units
F &#; 09()e1
Standard specification for liquid level indicating equipment, electrical
F &#; 00()e1
Standard specification for indicators, sight, liquid level, direct and indirect reading, tubular glass/plastic
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for tachometers, various
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for transducers, pressure and differential, pressure, electrical and fiber-optic
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for switch, position proximity (noncontact) or limit (mechanical contact), fiber-optic
F &#; 18
Standard guide for ordering low voltage ( vac or less) alternating current electric motors for shipboard service&#;up to and including motors of 500 horsepower
F &#; 03()
Standard specification for temperature monitoring equipment
F &#; 19
Standard guide for shipboard use of lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries
Designation
Type of Steel
A240 / A240M &#; 20a
Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications
A276 / A276M &#; 17
Standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes
A313 / A313M &#; 18
Standard specification for stainless steel spring wire
A314 &#; 19
Standard specification for stainless steel billets and bars for forging
A368 &#; 95a()
Standard specification for stainless steel wire strand
A478 &#; 97()
Standard specification for chromium-nickel stainless steel weaving and knitting wire
A479 / A479M &#; 20
Standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes for use in boilers and other pressure vessels
A480 / A480M &#; 20a
Standard specification for general requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip
A484 / A484M &#; 20b
Standard specification for general requirements for stainless steel bars, billets, and forgings
A492 &#; 95()
Standard specification for stainless steel rope wire
A493 &#; 16
Standard specification for stainless steel wire and wire rods for cold heading and cold forging
A555 / A555M &#; 20
Standard specification for general requirements for stainless steel wire and wire rods
A564 / A564M &#; 19a
Standard specification for hot-rolled and cold-finished age-hardening stainless steel bars and shapes
A565 / A565M &#; 10()e1
Standard specification for martensitic stainless steel bars for high-temperature service
A580 / A580M &#; 18
Standard specification for stainless steel wire
A581 / A581M &#; 95b()
Standard specification for free-machining stainless steel wire and wire rods
A582 / A582M &#; 12()
Standard specification for free-machining stainless steel bars
A638 / A638M &#; 20
Standard specification for precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service
A666 &#; 15
Standard specification for annealed or cold-worked austenitic stainless steel sheet, strip, plate, and flat bar
A693 &#; 16
Standard specification for precipitation-hardening stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip
A705 / A705M &#; 20
Standard specification for age-hardening stainless steel forgings
A793 &#; 96()
Standard specification for rolled floor plate, stainless steel
A887 &#; 20
Standard specification for borated stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for nuclear application
A895 &#; 89()
Standard specification for free-machining stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip
A947M &#; 16
Standard specification for textured stainless steel sheet [metric]
A959 &#; 19
Standard guide for specifying harmonized standard grade compositions for wrought stainless steels
A / AM &#; 13()
Standard specification for higher-strength martensitic stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip
A &#; 03()
Standard specification for stainless steel bars for compressor and turbine airfoils
A / AM &#; 19
Standard specification for laser and laser hybrid welded stainless steel bars, plates, and shapes
Designation
Type of Steel
F654 &#; 07()
Standard specification for residential chain link fence gates
F900 &#; 11()
Standard specification for industrial and commercial steel swing gates
F &#; 16
Standard specification for industrial and commercial horizontal slide gates
F &#; 20
Standard specification for automated vehicular gate construction
F &#; 14
Standard guide for self-closing/self-latching general-purpose gates
Designation
Type of Steel
F906 &#; 85()
Standard specification for letters and numerals for ships
F956 &#; 91()
Standard specification for bell, cast, sound signalling
F957 &#; 91()
Standard specification for gong, sound signaling
F &#; 17
Standard specification for mortar, refractory (high-temperature, air-setting)
FM &#; 18
Standard specification for rat guards, ship&#;s (metric)
F &#; 98()
Standard specification for spray shields for mechanical joints
F &#; 05()
Standard specification for turnbuckles, swaged, welded, forged
F &#; 07()
Standard practice for human engineering design for marine systems, equipment, and facilities
F &#; 07()
Standard specification for anodes, sacrificial zinc alloy
F &#; 97()
Standard practice for preparing and locating emergency muster lists
F &#; 90()
Standard guide for location and instruction symbols for evacuation and lifesaving equipment
F &#; 19
Standard specification for brick, insulating, high temperature, fire clay
F &#; 10()
Standard practice for human systems integration program requirements for ships and marine systems, equipment, and facilities
F &#; 91()
Standard specification for manually operated fueling hose reels
F / FM &#; 91()
Standard specification for pneumatic rotary descaling machines
F &#; 96()
Standard specification for fire hose nozzles
F &#; 98()
Standard guide for escort vessel evaluation and selection
F &#; 99()e1
Standard test method for shipboard fixed foam firefighting systems
F &#; 00()
Standard practice for establishing shipbuilding quality requirements for hull structure, outfitting, and coatings
F &#; 00()
Standard guide for basic elements of shipboard occupational health and safety program
F &#; 05()
Standard test method for determining and reporting the berthing energy and reaction of marine fenders
F &#; 10()
Standard practice for thermal rating and installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in hazardous locations in marine applications
F &#; 17
Standard guide for reporting and recording of near-misses for maritime industry
F &#; 18
Standard guide for recording and reporting of injuries and illnesses for the maritime industry
F &#; 20
Standard guide for inclusion of cyber risks into maritime safety management systems in accordance with imo resolution msc.428(98)&#;cyber risks and challenges
Designation
Type of Steel
F &#; 15
Standard guide for design and construction of chain link security fencing
F &#; 20
Standard guide for design and construction of expanded metal security fences and barriers
F &#; 15
Standard practice for testing forced entry, ballistic and low impact resistance of security fence systems
F &#; 09()
Standard guide for design and construction of ornamental steel picket fence systems for security purposes
F &#; 16
Standard guide for design and construction of welded wire fence systems for security purposes
Designation
Type of Steel
F683 &#; 14
Standard practice for selection and application of thermal insulation for piping and machinery
F &#; 13()
Standard specification for packing, fiberglass, braided, rope, and wick
F &#; 13()
Standard specification for sound-absorbing board, fibrous glass, perforated fibrous glass cloth faced
F &#; 13()
Standard specification for packing material, graphitic, corrugated ribbon or textured tape, and die-formed ring
F / FM &#; 13()e1
Standard specification for packing material, graphitic or carbon braided yarn
F / FM &#; 13()
Standard test method for shock testing of structural insulation of a-class divisions constructed of steel or aluminum
F &#; 20
Standard specification for selection and application of field-installed cryogenic pipe and equipment insulation systems on liquefied natural gas (lng)-fueled ships
Designation
Type of Steel
F681 &#; 82()
Standard practice for use of branch connections
F682 &#; 82a()
Standard specification for wrought carbon steel sleeve-type pipe couplings
F704 &#; 81()e1
Standard practice for selecting bolting lengths for piping system flanged joints
F707 / F707M &#; 94()e1
Standard specification for modular gauge boards
F708 &#; 92()e1
Standard practice for design and installation of rigid pipe hangers
F721 &#; 18
Standard specification for gage piping assemblies
F722 &#; 18
Standard specification for welded joints for shipboard piping systems
F841 &#; 19
Standard specification for thrusters, tunnel, permanently installed in marine vessels
F856 &#; 97()
Standard practice for mechanical symbols, shipboard&#;heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (hvac)
F885 &#; 84()
Standard specification for envelope dimensions for bronze globe valves nps 14 to 2
F986 &#; 86()e1
Standard specification for suction strainer boxes
F992 &#; 17
Standard specification for valve label plates
F993 &#; 17
Standard specification for valve locking devices
F994 &#; 86()
Standard specification for design and installation of overboard discharge hull penetration connections
F998 &#; 12()
Standard specification for centrifugal pump, shipboard use
F &#; 13()
Standard practice for piping system drawing symbols
F &#; 91()
Standard practice for hvac duct shapes; identification and description of design configuration
F &#; 86()
Standard specification for entrainment separators for use in marine piping applications
F &#; 18
Standard specification for pipeline expansion joints of the packed slip type for marine application
F &#; 86()
Standard specification for line-blind valves for marine applications
F &#; 86()
Standard practice for selection of valve operators
F &#; 97()
Standard specification for dehumidifier, shipboard, mechanically refrigerated, self-contained
F &#; 19
Standard practice for expanded welded and silver brazed socket joints for pipe and tube
F &#; 87()
Standard specification for envelope dimensions for butterfly valves&#;nps 2 to 24
F &#; 87()
Standard specification for circular metallic bellows type expansion joints for piping applications
F &#; 87()
Standard specification for international shore connections for marine fire applications
F &#; 04()e1
Standard specification for quick disconnect couplings (6 in. Nps and smaller)
F &#; 87()
Standard specification for non-metallic expansion joints
F &#; 88()
Standard specification for steam traps and drains
F &#; 10()
Standard practice for selection and application of piping system materials
F &#; 88()
Standard specification for fuel oil meters of the volumetric positive displacement type
F &#; 01()
Standard specification for thermosetting resin fiberglass pipe systems to be used for marine applications
F &#; 88()
Standard specification for cast (all temperatures and pressures) and welded pipe line strainers (150 psig and 150°f maximum)
F &#; 88()
Standard specification for fabricated (welded) pipe line strainers (above 150 psig and 150°f)
F &#; 88()
Standard specification for fluid conditioner fittings in piping applications above 0°f
F &#; 19
Standard specification for faucets, single and double, compression and self-closing type, shipboard
F &#; 90()
Standard specification for spill valves for use in marine tank liquid overpressure protections applications
F &#; 91()
Standard specification for tank vent flame arresters
F &#; 90()
Standard specification for flexible, expansion-type ball joints for marine applications
F &#; 90()
Standard specification for large&#;diameter fabricated carbon steel flanges
F &#; 91()
Standard guide for metallic abrasive blasting to descale the interior of pipe
F &#; 91()
Standard specification for construction of fire and foam station cabinets
F &#; 91()
Standard guide for main propulsion medium speed marine diesel engines covering performance and minimum scope of assembly
F &#; 92()e1
Standard specification for pressure-reducing valves for water systems, shipboard
F &#; 92()e1
Standard guide for construction of sounding tube and striker plate for tank sounding
F &#; 19
Standard specification for performance of piping and tubing mechanically attached fittings
F &#; 92()
Standard specification for water trap for diesel exhaust
F &#; 07()
Standard specification for performance of gasketed mechanical couplings for use in piping applications
F &#; 96()e1
Standard specification for angle style, pressure relief valves for steam, gas, and liquid services
F &#; 07()
Standard specification for rotary positive displacement pumps, ships use
F &#; 18
Standard specification for mechanical seals for shipboard pump applications
F &#; 01()
Standard specification for performance of fittings for use with gasketed mechanical couplings used in piping applications
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for pressure-reducing valves for steam service
F &#; 94()
Standard specification for fabricated or cast automatic self-cleaning, fuel oil and lubricating oil strainers
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for pressure-reducing manifolds for air or nitrogen systems
F &#; 01()
Standard specification for rotary positive displacement distillate fuel pumps
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for filters used in air or nitrogen systems
F &#; 97()e1
Standard specification for special requirements for valves used in gaseous oxygen service
F &#; 97()e1
Standard specification for automatic shut-off valves (also known as excess flow valves, efv) for air or nitrogen service
F &#; 97()e1
Standard specification for hand-operated, globe-style valves for gas (except oxygen gas) and hydraulic systems
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for pressure-reducing valves for air or nitrogen systems
F &#; 99()e1
Standard specification for pneumatic-operated, globe-style, control valves
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for non-reinforced extruded tee connections for piping applications
F &#; 00()
Standard specification for lap joint flange pipe end applications
F &#; 09()
Standard specification for sealless lube oil pump with oil through motor for marine applications
F &#; 12()
Standard specification for circular metallic bellows type expansion joint for hvac piping applications
F / FM &#; 19
Standard specification for metallic press-connect fittings for piping and tubing systems
F &#; 18
Standard guide for installation and application of type c portable tanks for marine lng service
F / FM &#; 18
Standard practice for liquefied natural gas (lng) bunkering hose transfer assembly
F / FM &#; 20
Standard specification for detonation flame arresters
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