The Pros and Cons of PVC for Water Well Installations

Drillers have installed wells using PVC materials for decades. Companies make PVC casing and fittings, and even PVC screen &#; the components of the whole well system. However, advancements over time have meant that PVC in the field today outperforms the materials contractors had access to when HDPE gained widespread use in the s.

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Broadly, the &#;recipes&#; companies use to make polyvinyl chloride, better known as PVC, have gone through subtle changes. Contractors may not know from just looking at the finished product, but today&#;s PVCs tend to have more corrosion resistance and durability than earlier generations. That makes it a cost-effective option for well installations, even in harsh environments.

Modern PVC pipe can also provide more flexibility. &#;Flexible&#; PVC is a type of PVC designed to install in wells located in difficult-to-access areas. Flexible PVC is also more resistant to breakage, which can help to prevent leaks in such wells.

Finally, there have been advancements in the methods used to join PVC pipe. Traditional methods of joining PVC pipe, such as solvent cementing, can prove time-consuming for contractors and difficult correctly execute. Newer methods of joining PVC pipe, such as mechanical joining, are faster and easier to do. Mechanical joining also provides a stronger and more reliable joint than traditional methods.

The advantages of using PVC materials in water well construction include:

• Strength and durability: PVC pipe can withstand the harsh conditions found in many wells. It resists corrosion over time.
• Environmental friendliness: PVC pipe does not contain any harmful chemicals that can leach into groundwater. PVC materials can also be recycled at the end of their life.
• Ease of installation: PVC pipe is relatively easy to install, which can save time and money on the well construction project.
• Cost-effectiveness: PVC materials are a cost-effective choice for water well contractors versus other materials.
• Long life: PVC materials offer a long life, and they can help to ensure a long and trouble-free life for your well.

Of course, every material can have trade-offs. PVC is no different and contractors should consider these factors in sourcing decisions. PVC is:

• Strong, but not as strong as steel: PVC may not be a good option for applications with very high water pressure or the potential for a lot of ground movement.
• Not as chemical resistant: PVC is susceptible to damage from chlorine and ammonia. The former can make PVC brittle and the latter can cause it to swell or deform.
• Not as easy to repair: A leak in a PVC well may prove more difficult or expensive to repair versus other materials.

PVC pipe, casing and fittings have proven popular for contractors (and their customers) for many years. Their popularity only grows as companies develop advances in their products. Drillers have materials options when it comes to well installation. PVC has improved over time and contractors should give it another look if they haven&#;t in a while. It could be just the thing you need to offer your customers a trouble-free water well that lasts a lifetime.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) fittings are essential components in plumbing, irrigation, and many DIY projects. Whether you're a seasoned professional or a weekend warrior, understanding PVC fittings can be challenging. Here, we answer the top 10 most common questions about PVC fittings to help you navigate your next project with confidence.

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1. What is the Difference Between Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 PVC Fittings?

Answer:
Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 refer to the thickness of the PVC pipe walls. Schedule 40 PVC fittings have thinner walls and are generally used for residential plumbing and irrigation systems where lower pressure is involved. Schedule 80 PVC fittings have thicker walls, making them suitable for industrial applications with higher pressure requirements. Visually, Schedule 80 fittings are often darker (grey) and more robust than the white Schedule 40 fittings.

2. How Do I Know Which Size PVC Fitting I Need?

Answer:
PVC fittings are sized based on the nominal pipe size (NPS), which is the inside diameter of the pipe. To determine the correct size, measure the outside diameter of the pipe and match it to the corresponding fitting size. It's important to note that PVC pipe sizes are not directly related to the actual diameter of the pipe, so always refer to a PVC sizing chart for accurate measurements.

3. Can PVC Fittings Be Used for Hot Water?

Answer:
Standard PVC fittings are not suitable for hot water applications because they can warp or degrade under high temperatures. For hot water, CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) fittings should be used, as they are designed to withstand higher temperatures, up to 200°F (93°C), compared to the 140°F (60°C) maximum for PVC.

4. How Do I Properly Glue PVC Fittings?

Answer:
To properly glue PVC fittings, follow these steps:

1. Cut the pipe to the desired length and ensure the ends are clean and free of burrs.
2. Dry-fit the pipe and fitting to ensure they fit snugly.
3. Apply primer to the outside of the pipe and the inside of the fitting.
4. Apply PVC cement to the primed areas.
5. Insert the pipe into the fitting, giving it a quarter turn to evenly distribute the cement.
6. Hold in place for about 30 seconds to allow the cement to set.

5. What is the Difference Between PVC Couplings and Unions?

Answer:
PVC couplings are used to connect two pieces of pipe in a permanent, glued connection. Once installed, couplings cannot be easily removed. PVC unions, on the other hand, allow for easy disconnection and reconnection of pipes. Unions have a threaded design with an O-ring that provides a leak-proof seal, making them ideal for applications where maintenance or replacement may be needed.

6. Can PVC Fittings Be Buried Underground?

Answer:
Yes, PVC fittings can be buried underground, but they must be properly rated for the application. For potable water and irrigation, Schedule 40 or Schedule 80 PVC fittings are commonly used. When burying PVC, ensure it is installed below the frost line to prevent freezing and cracking. Additionally, consider using a protective sleeve or conduit to guard against damage from shifting soil or roots.

7. How Do I Repair a Leak in a PVC Fitting?

Answer:
To repair a leak in a PVC fitting:

1. Identify the source of the leak and turn off the water supply.
2. Drain the pipes and dry the area around the leak.
3. Cut out the damaged section of pipe and fitting using a PVC pipe cutter.
4. Replace the fitting with a new one, following the proper gluing procedure.
5. Allow the cement to cure for the recommended time before turning the water back on.

For small cracks, a PVC repair kit or epoxy putty can be used as a temporary fix.

8. What is the Maximum Pressure PVC Fittings Can Handle?

Answer:
The maximum pressure that PVC fittings can handle depends on the Schedule rating. Schedule 40 PVC fittings are generally rated for up to 450 psi at room temperature, while Schedule 80 fittings can handle up to 630 psi. It's important to note that the pressure rating decreases as the temperature increases, so always refer to the manufacturer's specifications for accurate information.

9. Are There Any Environmental Concerns with Using PVC Fittings?

Answer:
PVC is a widely used material due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. However, there are environmental concerns related to its production and disposal. The manufacturing process involves the use of chlorine, which can release harmful chemicals. Additionally, PVC is not biodegradable, so it can contribute to plastic pollution if not properly recycled. Some PVC products are now made with eco-friendly materials or additives to reduce environmental impact.

10. Can I Use PVC Fittings for Air or Gas Applications?

Answer:
No, PVC fittings should not be used for compressed air or gas applications. PVC is not designed to withstand the high pressures and temperature variations associated with air and gas systems, and it can shatter under pressure, leading to potential safety hazards. For air or gas applications, metal or specialized plastic fittings designed for those purposes should be used.

Conclusion

Understanding the ins and outs of PVC fittings can help ensure your projects are successful and long-lasting. By addressing these common questions, you're better equipped to select the right materials and avoid common pitfalls. Whether you're working on a plumbing system, irrigation, or a custom DIY project, these tips and insights will guide you in the right direction.

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