Are you new to the HDPE piping world? No problem. Take a few minutes between projects to review the below collection of common HDPE pipe terminology and definitions. Once you have finished, please contact us for additional information and guidance or to discuss your company’s specific HDPE needs.
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HDPE: High density polyethylene (HDPE) refers to the thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene. HDPE piping has a high strength-to-density ratio and highly bendable, allowing for pipe to be coiled. HDPE is lightweight, flexible, inexpensive and corrosion resistant. In addition to piping, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, geomembranes, grocery bags, toys, containers and plastic lumber.
IPS and DIPS: Iron Pipe Size or IPS represents the nominal diameter of the pipe. A 6-in. IPS pipe has an inside diameter of six inches. Ductile Iron Pipe Size or DIPS is used to specify the size of ductile iron pipe. Typically, IPS refers to black iron or carbon steel pipe while DIPS refers to cast/ductile iron pipe. IPS and DIPS are used in the HDPE market to replicate the familiar dimensions of these other IPS pipe is available in size ranging from ¾-in. to 65-in. diameters while DIPS is available from 4- in. to 36-in. diameters.
CTS: Copper Tube Size is specific to plumbing and potable water systems. In copper, the OD is always 1/8 inch larger that the nominal size of the pipe, and that has carried over to HPDE that is built to CTS sizes. As a replacement for traditional copper lines for water, a 2-in. HDPE pipe that follows CTS sizing standards would have an OD of 2 1/8 in. For water applications HDPE pipe can be sized as small as ¾ in OD.
Bend Radius: Bend radius, measured to the inside curvature, is the minimum radius one can bend a pipe, tube, sheet, cable or hose without kinking it, damaging it or shortening its life. The smaller the bend radius, the greater is the material flexibility. HDPE piping is more flexible than other competitive piping options, offering a smaller bend radius. However, exceeding minimum bend radiuses may result in mechanical failure and decreased longevity. And for HDPE-encased fiber-optic cabling, it is problematic, as exceeding minimum bend radius can cause light attenuation resulting in performance loss.
Dimension Ratio (DR): The Dimension Ratio (DR) is the ratio of the pipe outside diameter to the pipe minimum wall thickness. As diameters change, the pressure rating remains the same for the same material, dimension ratio and application.
Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR):
Certain Dimension Rations (DRs) that meet an ASTM International specified number series (32.5, 26, 21, 17, 13.5) are referred to as Standard Dimension Ratios (SDRs). There is approximately 25% difference in minimum wall thickness between each SDR.
Calculating SDR: SDR is defined as the ratio of the nominal outside diameter to the nominal wall thickness.
SDR = dn/en
Where dn is the nominal outside diameter of pipe and en is the nominal (minimum) wall thickness of the pipe.
Carbon Black (CB): Carbon Black products are additives used to improve the strength and performance of HDPE pipe. CBs are typically used to improve UV resistance and to reduce or lower moisture absorption in pipe
Coefficient of friction: Coefficient of friction measures the amount of friction existing between two surfaces. As this measurement relates to piping, a lower coefficient of friction typically means less friction damage in piping (example: outer layer wear). To find the coefficient of friction (fr) use this formula:
Fr/N = fr
Where Fr is the resistive friction force and N is the normal force pushing on objects.
Surge pressure - Recurring and occasional: American Water Works Association standard AWWA C901 defines two types of surge pressure, recurring and occasional. The safe peak pressure or allowed total pressure for HDPE pipe is 1.5 times the pipe’s pressure rating for recurring surge and 2.0 times the pipe’s pressure rating for occasional surge.
Temperature derating: Materials rated for operating pressures or tensions at a standard temperature, must be ‘derated’ when temperatures increase. Derating is usually expressed graphically or in terms of derating factors. HDPE piping loses its strength to pressure and tension as temperature is increased.
FM approved: FM Approvals is a third-party testing and certification service. FM Approved-HDPE pipe and fittings are subjected to more severe performance testing. The five-step certification process includes product review, testing, and manufacturing facility audits.
UL Rating: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global safety science company and third-party certification company founded in 1894. The company tests products and technologies for safety. Beginning in 1965, UL published a series of standards for polymer raceway products, including rigid PVC conduit as well as HDPE conduit.
Seismic loading: Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which includes application of a seismic oscillation to a structure. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure either with the ground or with adjacent structures.
According to an Electric Power Research Institute report Nondestructive Evaluation: Seismic Design Criteria for Polyethylene Pipe Replacement Code Case, there are two potential sources for seismic loads on the piping: loads from wave propagation in the soil and from seismic anchor motion of the buildings that form the boundary for the buried pipe.
Most of these definitions come from industry-recognized sources such as PPI. See below for a complete list of sources.
About United Poly Systems
United Poly Systems produces quality HDPE pipe in diameters from ¾-in. to 26-in. IPS, 4-in. to 24-in. DIPS, and ¾-in. to 2-in. CTS for use in many industries including telecommunications, power utility, water, electrical and oil and gas. The market for HDPE pipe continues to expand as initiatives to improve, repair and expand the country’s infrastructure are implemented.
Our off-the-shelf HDPE conduit/pipe is available in a variety of sizes, colors, dimensions and lengths, with or without stripes. We also offer fully customizable HDPE conduit options. In addition, piping can be customized with a ribbed interior (to maximize the distance cable may be pulled or jetted), pull tape, or a lubricated interior (for easier installation).
Success at UPS can be attributed to our vast experience, extensive client relationships, state-of-the-art manufacturing and quality processes. Our agile business model that allows UPS to quickly meet customers’ needs without the overhead expenses that are incurred by many of the larger producers in the industry.
Want more information on HDPE Double Wall Corrugated Pipes for sale? Feel free to contact us.
Conveniently located in Springfield, Missouri and Albuquerque, New Mexico, United Poly Systems can provide quick delivery to a majority of the U.S. market.
What is the HDPE pipe?
HDPE pipe full form
HDPE Pipe is simply a pipe made of polyethylene; this material gives the pipes some special features which creates benefits and these advantages have led to the popularity of polyethylene pipes.
HDPE Pipes have many advantages, high quality, reliability of pipe and fittings, ease of loading and transportation of pipes and fittings of polyethylene due to their relatively low weight, quick and easy installation have made polyethylene types the best choice for various projects.
Polyethylene Pipe s also have a good bending radius and have very good resistance to impact and pressure at very low temperatures. Acidic and basic environments, as well as many solutions and chemicals do not affect polyethylene. This is one of the most important advantages of a polyethylene pipe and polyethylene fittings.
Polyethylene materials used to produce polyethylene pipes are different from polyethylene materials used to produce other polyethylene products. Polyethylene is available in various grades, and each of these types of polyethylene materials is used for various applications.
Features of the polyethylene pipe
- Low weight
Polyethylene Pipe and HDPE Pipe Fittings have a lower weight than other types of pipes, such as steel pipes and concrete pipes, which makes them easy to carry, load, and install. Resistance to very low temperatures, strength and durability of compressive stress and tension stress and high elasticity of polyethylene allow the user to carry and install polyethylene pipes for the implementation of various industrial projects.
- Impact resistant
Extremely high resistance of polyethylene pipes to impact eliminates the need for higher pipe pressures and polyethylene fittings and the purchase of anti-shock equipment. This feature makes the implementation very easy and sharply reduces the costs of implementation in large industrial projects, while minimizing waste to zero. This can be a very good reason for replacing pipes and polyethylene fittings with a variety of concrete and steel pipes.
- Erosion resistant
Comparison between PE and other materials has shown that the pipes and fittings made of PE are highly resistant against erosion which makes them a perfect choice for transferring fluids with non-soluble solids, plus they are safe from harms of rodents due to high rigidity of their surface. In addition, rodents cannot damage the polyethylene pipe and fittings, because the very high level of polyethylene pipe and fittings can exclude any damage from rodents.
- Chemical resistant
One of the advantages of note for PE pipes and PE fittings is that they are not affected of acidic and basic chemical environments. You can find the complete list of non-affective chemicals on PE pipes & PE fittings through the standards of pipes and fittings.
- High flow rate
Since the inner wall of PE pipes and fittings are smooth with very low roughness therefore fluids can have a rapid flow within them which is due to the roughness coefficient of 0.007.
- Easy connecting
HDPE pipes are presented in both shapes of coil and branch. PE coil pipes which lead to cost savings are available in different small sizes. Branches of PE pipes can be connected to each other in different ways. Parsethylene Kish provides a vast range of fittings and connections which are easily implemented and covers a professional network of pipeline.
- Flexibility
HDPE pipes have a suitable bending radius, and this makes it easy to install polyethylene pipes and require fewer fittings. The permissible bending radius of the polyethylene pipe is 20 times larger than the outer diameter of it. Due to their high flexibility, polyethylene pipes are the ideal solution for solving many of the issues and problems of installation and implementation, and thus installation and implementation becomes much faster and cheaper.
- Various polyethylene fittings
Polyethylene pipelines require polyethylene fittings and connections in different projects, which will vary according to the type of project. The dimensions and size of the polyethylene welding joints can be manufactured according to customer's requirements, and also their use in sewage, chemical, acid and oil and water supply and pressurized water line is very cost effective compared to steel and iron joints.
Various types of polyethylene pipes
Single-wall polyethylene pipe
Single-wall polyethylene pipe is among the polymer pipes which can be used at pressures between 2 and 40 bars, with different diameters. The unique properties of polyethylene pipes have led to a much higher rate of growth of use of this product in the transmission and distribution networks compared to other types of pipes.
Double wall corrugated polyethylene pipe
Double-wall polyethylene pipes or corrugated polyethylene pipe are pipes that have two walls; one outer layer with a corrugated or circular shape (ring shape), and one inner layer of the pipe having a smooth surface that is used to flow fluids with acid and sewage effluents and industrial and basic effluents. Corrugated pipes do not have internal load pressure, i.e. the fluid passing through these pipes does not have internal load pressure, and these pipes virtually have the responsibility of transferring fluid as an underground channel. These pipes also have an outer surface which is ring-shaped and has high strength and tolerates all surface and sub-surface pressures, both live and dead, below the ground. The ring-shape nature of these pipes is for strengthening the pipe.
Spiral polyethylene pipe
Spiral polyethylene pipe are the same corrugated pipes with the difference that in the production of spiral corrugated pipes the method of production varies a bit, which is due to the type of size of the spiral corrugated pipes, which generally range from 800 to 3000 mm. Spiral corrugated pipes are connected together using butt weld or extrusion attachment and also have high strength. The working pressure, or cyclic pressure, in the spiral corrugated pipes can be 16 kN, 31.5 kN, and 64 kN, which is directly related to the thickness of the congresses and the outer wall pipes of corrugated pipes’ walls. In addition, the distance between the congresses of spiral- corrugated pipes is also influenced by the convectional pressure of the corrugated pipes. Spiral- corrugated pipes can be produced in a dimension of 6 meters in length and up to 3000 mm in diameter, equal to 3-meter net length of the opening.
Application of polyethylene pipes
The use of polyethylene pipes is extremely high due to their many advantages, and every day we see a new application for the polyethylene pipe, which is often innovative and unique, and in many applications of the polyethylene pipe, this pipe has become an alternative for other types of pipes. High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are used in a wide area of urban, industrial, marine, drilling and agricultural pipelines. The use of polyethylene pipes has been tested and proved in situations such as ground level, buried state, floating situation, and sub-surface levels. Polyethylene pipes have the capacity to transport drinking water, sewage, chemicals, slurries, and hazardous wastes and gases.
Application of HDPE pipes
Application of HDPE pipes is extremely high due to their many advantages, and every day we see a new application for the polyethylene pipe, which is often innovative and unique, and in many applications of the polyethylene pipe, this pipe has become an alternative for other types of pipes. High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are used in a wide area of urban, industrial, marine, drilling and agricultural pipelines. The use of polyethylene pipes has been tested and proved in situations such as ground level, buried state, floating situation, and sub-surface levels. Polyethylene pipes have the capacity to transport drinking water, sewage, chemicals, slurries, and hazardous wastes and gases.
Uses of polyethylene pipes:
- Urban and rural water supply networks
- Urban and rural sewage networks
- Gas supply networks
- Drainage networks
- Industrial Liquid and Sewage Systems
- Irrigation systems under pressure (drip and rainfall irrigation)
- Movable irrigation systems
- Covering telecommunication cables and fiber optics
- Covering Power Cables
- Covering metal pipes
- As ventilation ducts
- Dredging systems
- Transfer of chemical fluids and industrial products (according to standard)
Grade of Polyethylene Pipe Material
In general, the benefits of using PE100 material compared to other types can be summarized as follows:
- Better processability and higher output and lower production costs
- Better flexibility for screwing, maintenance and installation of the ISO 13469 pipe,
- High resistance to slow crack growth and high product safety (SCG test)
- A higher resistance to the rapid crack growth Test of ISO13469, Version 1996
- High hydrostatic resistance of PE100 compared to PE 80 (test according to ISO 1167)
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